Colloidal system - types of Colloids - properties of Colloids

Colloidal system - types of Colloids - properties of Colloids

colloids definition and colloids examples

Colloidal systems (hereinafter abbreviated as "colloid") is a form of mixed system (dispersion) of two or more substances that are homogeneous the dispersed particle size but it has a fairly large (1-100 nm), and thus exposed to the effects of Tyndall. The dispersed particles of homogeneous mean are not affected by the force of gravity or other forces imposed on him; so there happen to precipitation, for example. This homogeneous properties also owned by aqueous solution, but is not owned by a mixture of regular (suspension).

Colloids are easily found everywhere: milk, agar-agar, ink, shampoo, and the clouds are examples of Colloids can be found everyday. The cytoplasm within the cell is also a colloidal system. A separate study into colloidal chemistry in the chemical industry due to its importance.

All kinds of Colloids

Colloids have varied shapes, depending on the phase of a substance pendispersi and terdispersinya substances. Some types of Colloids:

Aerosols that have substance pendispersi in the form of gas. Aerosol liquid dispersed substances that have called liquid aerosols (e.g.: fog and clouds) while having a solid dispersed substances called solid aerosols (example: smoke and dust in the air).

Sol colloid of solid particles dispersed in the liquid. (Example: the river water, sol, sol SOAP detergent and ink).

Colloid emulsion of liquid substances dispersed in the liquid, but the liquid substance that both not mutually dissolve. (Example: coconut milk, milk, mayonaise, and fish oil).

Colloidal Systems from scum gas dispersed in a liquid. (Example: the processing metal ores, fire extinguishers, cosmetics and others).

Rigid colloid Gel or half solid and half the liquid. (Example: gelatin, glue).

Properties of Colloids

Tyndall Effect

Tyndall effect is the phenomenon of scattering x-ray beam (of light) by colloidal particles. This is because the molecular size of Colloids. Tyndall effect was discovered by John Tyndall (1820-1893), a United Kingdom physicist. Therefore it is called the tyndall effect properties.

Tyndall effect is an effect that occurs when an aqueous solution exposed to sunlight. At the time of the true solution irradiated with light, then the solution will not scatter light, whereas in Kolo, the light will be dissipated. It happened because the colloidal particles have particles that are relatively large in order to scatter the light. Instead, the true solution, particles-partikelnya is relatively small so that the scattering that occurs just a little bit and it is very difficult to observe.

Brownian Motion

Brownian motion is the motion of colloidal particles are always moving straight but uncertain (random motion/irregular). If we observe the colloid under ultra microscope, then we will see that these particles will move in a zigzag form. This zigzag movement called Brownian motion. The particles of a substance are always moving. The movement can be random as in liquid and gas substances (called Brownian motion), while on the solid beroszillasi on-site only (not including Brownian motion). For colloids with medium pendispersi liquid or gaseous substances, the movement of the particles will produce collisions with colloidal particles itself. The collision took place from all directions. Because the particle size is small enough, then the collision happened is likely to be unbalanced. So there is a resultant collisions which cause changes of direction of motion of the particle motion so zigzag or Brownian motion.

The smaller the particle size of colloids, the faster the Brownian motion that occurs. Similarly, the larger size of colloidal particles, Brownian motion, the slower going. This explains why the motion hard Brown observed in solution and is not found in the heterogeneous mixture of liquid with solids (suspension). Brownian motion is also affected by temperature. The higher the temperature of the colloidal system, then the greater the kinetic energy of the particles of the medium belongs to the pendispersinya. As a result, Brownian motion of particles terdispersinya phase more quickly. And vice versa, the lower the temperature of the colloidal system, Brownian motion is getting slower.

Adsorption

Adsorption is a occasion of absorption of particles or ions or other compounds on the surface of colloidal particles caused by the surface area of the particle. (Note: Adsorption with absorption must be distinguished from the means of absorption that occurs inside a particle). Example: (i) Colloidal Fe (OH) 3 is because the surface absorbs positively charged H + ions. (ii) the negatively charged Colloidal As2S3 because their surface absorb ion S2.

The charge of Colloids

Known two kinds of colloids, which are positively charged colloidal and negatively charged colloid.

Coagulation of Colloids

Colloidal particles clotting is coagulation and form a sediment. With the onset of coagulation, the dispersed substances means no longer form a colloid. Coagulation can occur physically like heating, cooling and stirring or chemically like the addition of electrolytes, colloidal mixing of different payloads.

Protective colloid

Protective colloid colloids is having other colloids can protect nature of the process of coagulation.

Dialysis

Dialysis is the separation of Colloids from ions of a bully in this way is called the process of dialysis. That is to drain the fluid mixed with colloidal semi permeable membrane through which functions as a filter. This semi permeable membrane can be bypassed the liquid but can not be bypassed, so Colloids and colloid liquid will split up.

Electrophoresis

Elektroferesis is a colloidal particle separation events charge by using an electric current.

Energy

Energy

Reviewed from the perspective of physics, every physical system conceived (Alternately, storing) amounts of energy; How exactly is determined by taking the sum of a number of specific expressions, each of which is designed to measure the energy stored in particular. In General, the presence of observers is known by every energy there is a change of the nature of the object or system. There is no uniform way to show energy.

Unit

SI and related units

The SI unit for energy is the joule's work and (J), named in honor of James Prescott Joule and his experiments in mechanical heat equation. In more basic terms 1 joule equals 1 newton-metre and, in terms of the SI base units, 1 J equal to 1 kg m2 s − 2.

Kinetic energy - Potential energy - Internal energy

Kinetic energy - Potential energy - Internal energy

Mechanical work

Work is defined as "an integral limit" as far as the force F s

Kinetic energy

Kinetic energy is the energy associated with the motion of an object.

Potential energy

In contrast to the kinetic energy, which is energy due to the motion of a system, or the internal movement of particle, the potential energy of a system is the energy associated with the space configuration of its components and their interactions with each other. The number of particles that emit the style to each other automatically form a system with potential energy. The styles, for example, can arise from electrostatic interactions (see Coulomb's law), or gravity.

Internal energy

Internal energy is the kinetic energy associated with the motion of the molecules, and the potential energy associated with the vibrational and electric energy of rotation of the atoms in the molecule. The internal energy as energy is a function of the circumstances that can be calculated in a system.

energy storage systems

energy storage systems

Energy Storage Media is a method or a tool to keep some form of energy that can be taken at any given time for various purposes. A device used to store energy is sometimes called an accumulator. All forms of energy which belong to the potential energy (eg: chemical energy, electrical energy, and so forth) or thermal energy can be stored. Rotary mechanical clock store potential energy in a mechanical voltage.

Batteries store chemical energy that can be converted directly into electrical energy by connecting the two poles with electrical equipment. Energy-saving hydroelectric dams with reservoir water as gravitational potential energy. Food is also an energy storage media, namely, chemical energy, even the ice can be said as a means of thermal energy storage and will be used when the need for cold temperature is required.

Transistor Grafin: For Super Fast Processors

Transistor Grafin: For Super Fast Processors

Do you know how current your computer processor speed? Notebook processor speed or netbookmu? Do you know how the fastest computer processor speed? It turns out all the figures still Mega Hertz (MHz) or Giga Hertz (GHz).

Ever imagine what it's like to use a super fast computer with a speed of 40 Terra Hertz (40.000 GHz)?

This is what is being designed by a Professor of engineering physics named Walter de Heer. In 2008 he found a material for making semiconductors for use in devices including computer processors eletronik. Such material is grafin, a new form of carbon. During this time a semiconductor material that is used in electronic circuit comes from Silicon. We found a lot of Material in the contents of the pencil.

Had previously made models of carbon estimated could be more baih semiconductor material Silicon. And it turns out according to the model of grafin one of the most suitable. One ply of carbon with thicknesses of 1 atom can be made into transistors with speeds hundreds of times faster than today's silicon transistors. MIT Lincoln Laboratory along with, Walter made hundreds of transistors on a chip grafin. The result was further confirmed that the material could be a transistor grafin future generations.

He adds, the silicon transistor-based computer is currently only able to run the latest operating sejumlhha per second of it without over heating. However by grafin, electrons can move faster almost without a hitch so that the heat diihasilkan is also small. What's more, the material, the material itself is grafin conductor of heat so that the heat generated could soon be eliminated quickly. Therefore electronic based grafin will work much faster.