Hydrogen
Hydrogen is being developed as an energy storage medium. Hydrogen is not a primary energy source, but a portable energy storage method, because hydrogen has to be produced by other energy sources. However, as an energy storage medium, may be significant when viewed his role as renewable energy.
Hydrogen can be used in conventional internal combustion engine or fuel cell that converts the chemical energy directly into electrical energy without any combustion. The production process of hydrogen requires natural gas conversion process by steam, or in a way that might be more ecologically, electrolysis of water into hydrogen and oxygen. A long way to produce carbon dioxide as a by-product in the process.
Loss of energy occurs in a hydrogen storage cycle of production for direct use on vehicles, condensation or compression, and conversion back into electricity, as well as hydrogen storage cycle for the stationary fuel cell usage as a combination of heat and energy with micro-biohidrogen, condensation or compression, and conversion into electricity.
With renewable energy that can not always available such as wind and solar energy, the output of both that energy into electrical energy may be able to perform electrolysis. Whatever the odds are, whether the conversion capabilities of solar and wind energy into electricity are quite low or the energy required to change water into hydrogen, hydrogen is only an energy storage medium will be used only if needed.
Nuclear experts said that using nuclear energy to produce hydrogen will solve the problem of inefficiency in producing hydrogen. They underline sends the possibility of using nuclear power plants at full capacity with continuous electric energy supply to the local power transmission network at peak loads. This means greater efficiency for the NUCLEAR POWER PLANT. The fourth generation of NUCLEAR reactors has the potential to separate hydrogen from water by means of thermo-nuclear heat cycle using iodine-sulfur.
The efficiency of hydrogen penyiimpanan generally range from 50 to 60% overall, which means lower than batteries. It takes about 50 kWh to produce one kilogram of hydrogen by electrolysis, so the cost of the electricity to produce it is important to be discussed. If you use the standard price of Rp. 294,00 per kWh, will then take charge of Rp. 2,000 per kg of hydrogen 14.700, however it does not include other costs such as electrolysis, compressors or condensation, storage, and transportation of the magnitude cannot be ignored.
Underground hydrogen storage is the storage of hydrogen activities in caves, salt domes, or natural gas and oil fields have been exhausted. Large amounts of hydrogen gas has been save by Imperial Chemical Industries in underground caves since a couple of years ago without trouble. Storage of large quantities of hydrogen underground can function as mass energy storage which is essential for the hydrogen keekonomian aspects in the future.
Energy storage methods
Biofuels
Various biofuels such as biodiesel, vegetable oil, alcohol fuels, or biomass can be used to replace hydrocarbon fuels. Various chemical processes can convert the carbon and hydrogen in coal, natural gas, biomass from plants and animals, as well as organic wastes into short chain hydrocarbons suitable as replacements for existing hydrocarbon fuels at this time. Examples are Fischer-Tropsch diesel, methanol, dimethyl ether, or syngas. With oil prices above 35 USD was enough economically promising for biofuel to produce en masse (ECN, 1994).
